Retinol belongs to a class of compounds called retinoids, which are derived from vitamin A. Unlike other skincare products that primarily focus on removing dead skin cells, retinol works differently. Its small molecules penetrate deep into the middle layer of the skin, known as the dermis, where they neutralize harmful free radicals. This process stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, resulting in a "plumping" effect that can reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and enlarged pores. Typically due to differences between men and womens skin, men need slightly stronger concentrations of retinoids than women.
Retinoids thin the skin for the short term, but promote new skin production and thicken it over time. They encourage new skin cells to grow at a faster rate. As men's skin cells as typically more compacted than women's a higher volume is needed to function, but for most people. the highest concentration creams will still be too strong to start with. They're particularly effective at dealing with dark spots and fine lines.
What Is Retinol? What Do You Need To Know?
1 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10894961/ - Biophysical assessment of persistent effects of moisturizers after their daily applications
2 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791161/ - Retinoids: active molecules influencing skin structure formation in cosmetic and dermatological treatments
3 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699641/- Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety
4 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574737 - Why Topical Retinoids Are Mainstay of Therapy for Acne
5 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2127228/ - Ferulic Acid: Therapeutic Potential Through Its Antioxidant Property
6 - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16185284/ - Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin